S
Saturation
(1) Sometimes called chroma, the strength or purity of a color. Saturation represents the amount of gray in proportion to the hue, measured as a percentage from 0% (gray) to 100% (fully saturated). On the standard color wheel, saturation increases from the center to the edge.
(2) The rendering intent for business graphics that maintains vivid color at the expense of accurate color. It scales the source gamut to the destination gamut but preserves relative saturation instead of hue, so when scaling to a smaller gamut, hues may shift. This rendering intent is primarily designed for business graphics, where bright saturated colors are more important than the exact relationship between colors (such as in a photographic image).
separations color
Any color in a document that needs to print as a separate plate on a printing press.
separations printer
The printer (e.g., an imagesetter) used for outputting spot color or process color separations.
soft proof
In a color-managed workflow, the use of ICC device profiles to preview document colors directly on your monitor as they will be reproduced by a specific device. If a hard proof is viewed in controlled (5000 K) lighting and the monitor is set to simulate that viewing condition, colors from the soft proof will match the hard proof.
spectrophotometer
A device that measures a colors in terms of their energy at various wavelengths across the visible spectrum. Measurements may then be expressed on a spectral plot (that compares energy to wavelength) or may be integrated into device-independent color space values, such as L*a*b*. Spectral data is the most accurate form of color measurement data. A spectrophotometer is typically used in the creation of ICC device profiles for output devices. A spectrophotometer differs from a colorimeter in that measures 16 or more colors.
spot color
Also called pre-mixed inks, the inks used for printing a specific color. Spot color inks are cost-effective for two- or three-color printing and may also be used for colors that process printing cannot adequately produce. Use spot color inks when: you need three or fewer colors and you will not be reproducing process-color photographs; you want to print varnishes or special inks such as metallic, fluorescent, or pearlescent spot inks; you want to print logos or other graphic elements that require precise color matching; you want the limited color variety you get from one or two spot colors and tints of those colors. Companies that produce spot color inks include Pantone, DIC, Focaltone.
SWOP
See U.S. Web Coated.
subtractive colors
Colors produced by the mixing of primary colors of the subtractive color model: cyan, magenta, yellow (CMY).
subtractive color model
The color model in which colors are produced by combining various percentages of the subtractive primaries, cyan, magenta, and yellow. Four color printing uses cyan, yellow, and magenta (CMY) inks. In theory, combining 100% of each cyan, magenta, and yellow should produce a pure black. In practice, however, the combining of cyan, magenta, and yellow inks does not produce a pure black due to impurities in inks. For this reason, black ink (K) is used in addition to the cyan, magenta, and yellow inks in four-color printing.
Whereas the additive color model depends on a light source to create color, the subtractive color model depends on the light-absorbing quality of transparent inks printed on paper. When white light reaches the inks, part of the light's spectrum is absorbed and the rest is reflected and perceived as color. In theory, combining pure cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) yields black by absorbing, or subtracting, all parts of the spectrum. For this reason CMY are called subtractive colors.
subtractive primaries
The primary colors of the subtractive color model: cyan, magenta, yellow (CMY).
(1) Sometimes called chroma, the strength or purity of a color. Saturation represents the amount of gray in proportion to the hue, measured as a percentage from 0% (gray) to 100% (fully saturated). On the standard color wheel, saturation increases from the center to the edge.
(2) The rendering intent for business graphics that maintains vivid color at the expense of accurate color. It scales the source gamut to the destination gamut but preserves relative saturation instead of hue, so when scaling to a smaller gamut, hues may shift. This rendering intent is primarily designed for business graphics, where bright saturated colors are more important than the exact relationship between colors (such as in a photographic image).
separations color
Any color in a document that needs to print as a separate plate on a printing press.
separations printer
The printer (e.g., an imagesetter) used for outputting spot color or process color separations.
soft proof
In a color-managed workflow, the use of ICC device profiles to preview document colors directly on your monitor as they will be reproduced by a specific device. If a hard proof is viewed in controlled (5000 K) lighting and the monitor is set to simulate that viewing condition, colors from the soft proof will match the hard proof.
spectrophotometer
A device that measures a colors in terms of their energy at various wavelengths across the visible spectrum. Measurements may then be expressed on a spectral plot (that compares energy to wavelength) or may be integrated into device-independent color space values, such as L*a*b*. Spectral data is the most accurate form of color measurement data. A spectrophotometer is typically used in the creation of ICC device profiles for output devices. A spectrophotometer differs from a colorimeter in that measures 16 or more colors.
spot color
Also called pre-mixed inks, the inks used for printing a specific color. Spot color inks are cost-effective for two- or three-color printing and may also be used for colors that process printing cannot adequately produce. Use spot color inks when: you need three or fewer colors and you will not be reproducing process-color photographs; you want to print varnishes or special inks such as metallic, fluorescent, or pearlescent spot inks; you want to print logos or other graphic elements that require precise color matching; you want the limited color variety you get from one or two spot colors and tints of those colors. Companies that produce spot color inks include Pantone, DIC, Focaltone.
SWOP
See U.S. Web Coated.
subtractive colors
Colors produced by the mixing of primary colors of the subtractive color model: cyan, magenta, yellow (CMY).
subtractive color model
The color model in which colors are produced by combining various percentages of the subtractive primaries, cyan, magenta, and yellow. Four color printing uses cyan, yellow, and magenta (CMY) inks. In theory, combining 100% of each cyan, magenta, and yellow should produce a pure black. In practice, however, the combining of cyan, magenta, and yellow inks does not produce a pure black due to impurities in inks. For this reason, black ink (K) is used in addition to the cyan, magenta, and yellow inks in four-color printing.
Whereas the additive color model depends on a light source to create color, the subtractive color model depends on the light-absorbing quality of transparent inks printed on paper. When white light reaches the inks, part of the light's spectrum is absorbed and the rest is reflected and perceived as color. In theory, combining pure cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) yields black by absorbing, or subtracting, all parts of the spectrum. For this reason CMY are called subtractive colors.
subtractive primaries
The primary colors of the subtractive color model: cyan, magenta, yellow (CMY).
DIC-F154 フランスの伝統色 HIRONDELLE 燕翼灰
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